拉多萬·卡拉季奇(又譯卡拉迪奇)（塞爾維亞語：Радован Караџић，1945年6月19日佩特尼察），波士尼亞赫塞哥維納政治家、詩人、精神病學家，曾任塞族共和國第一任總統（1992年-1996年）。
由1995年開始，他被海牙戰爭罪行法庭通緝，指控他涉及種族滅絕和戰爭罪行，包括1992至1995年圍攻塞拉耶佛時屠殺 11,000 人 、1995年在斯雷布雷尼察（Srebrenica）屠殺 8,000 個回教徒[1]。
2008年7月21日卡拉季奇在貝爾格勒被捕，海牙國際法庭會引渡其受審。
| 前任： 首任 | 塞族共和國總統 1992年-1996年 | 繼任： 比利亞娜·普拉夫希奇 |
 | This article is about a person involved in a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses. |
| Radovan Karadžić Радован Караџић | |
 | |
| | |
|---|---|
| In office 7 April 1992 – 19 July 1996 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Biljana Plavšić |
| | |
| Born | 19 June 1945 Petnjica, SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Serb |
| Political party | Serbian Democratic Party |
| Spouse | Ljiljana Zelen Karadžić |
| Alma mater | University of Sarajevo Columbia University |
| Profession | Psychiatrist |
| Religion | Serbian Orthodox |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Human Quantum Energy |
Radovan Karadžić (Serbian: Радован Караџић, IPA: [râdovaːn kâraʤiʨ]; born 19 June 1945 in Petnjica, SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former Bosnian Serb politician, poet and psychiatrist who was a fugitive from 1995 until 21 July 2008[1] after having been indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague, Netherlands. He was arrested in Belgrade on 21 July 2008 and brought before Belgrade's War Crimes Court.[2] For some time he had been working at a private clinic in Belgrade specialising in alternative medicine and psychology under the alias Dr. Dragan David Dabić under the company name of "Human Quantum Energy".[3]
There had been an outstanding international arrest warrant against Karadžić for more than a decade following Rule 61 of ICTY which concluded that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the accused has committed war crimes including genocide, against Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat civilians during the Bosnian War (1992–1995).[4] The United States government had offered a $5 million reward for his and Ratko Mladić's arrests.[5]
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Radovan Karadžić was born in Petnjica near Šavnik, SR Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia (SFRY) to a family hailing from the Drobnjaci Montenegrin clan. His father, Vuko, had been a member of the Chetniks — the army of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia's government in exile during World War II. His father was imprisoned by the post-war communist regime for much of his son's childhood. Karadžić moved to Sarajevo, Yugoslavia in 1960 to pursue his studies in psychiatry at the Sarajevo University School of Medicine. He studied neurotic disorders and depression at Næstved Hospital in Denmark in 1970, and during 1974 and 1975 he spent a year pursuing further medical training at Columbia University in New York.[6][7] After his return to Yugoslavia, he worked in the Koševo Hospital. He also became a poet and fell under the influence of the Serbian writer Dobrica Ćosić, who encouraged him to go into politics.
Soon after graduation, Karadžić started working in a treatment centre at the psychiatric clinic of the main Sarajevo hospital, Koševo. In 1983, Karadžić started working at a hospital in the Belgrade suburb of Voždovac. On 1 November 1984 Karadžić and associate Momčilo Krajišnik were arrested by the communist authorities on fraud charges and spent 11 months in detention before their friend Nikola Koljević managed to bail them out.[8] Due to lack of evidence, Karadžić was released and trial was brought to a halt. The trial was revived and on 26 September 1985 Karadžić was sentenced to three years in prison for embezzlement and fraud. As he had already spent over a year in detention, Karadžić never had to serve this sentence.[9]
In 1989 he co-founded the Serbian Democratic Party (Srpska Demokratska Stranka) in Bosnia and Herzegovina which aimed at gathering the Republic's Bosnian Serb community and joining Croatian Serbs in leading them in staying part of Yugoslavia in the event of secession by those two republics from the federation.
A separate Serb Assembly was founded on 24 October 1991, in order to exclusively represent the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The leading Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina, led by Radovan Karadžić, organized the creation of "Serb autonomous provinces" (SAOs) within Bosnia and the establishment of an assembly to represent them. In November 1991, the Bosnian Serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a federal state with Serbia and Montenegro, as part of Yugoslavia. On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serb Assembly proclaimed the Republic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Република српског народа Босне и Херцеговине / Republika srpskog naroda Bosne i Hercegovine). On 28 February 1992, the constitution of the Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted and declared that the state's territory included Serb autonomous regions, municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state.
On 29 February and 1 March 1992 a referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Yugoslavia was held. Many Serbs boycotted the referendum while Bosniaks and Croats and pro-secession Serbs turned out, and 64% of eligible voters voted 98% in favor of independence. However Bosnian law required the consent of all three ethnic groups[citation needed]. On 6 April 1992, Bosnia was recognized by the UN as an independent state. Karadžić became the first president of the Bosnian Serb administration in Pale on or about 13 May 1992 after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. At the time he assumed this position, his de jure powers, as described in the constitution of the Bosnian Serb administration, included, but were not limited to, commanding the army of the Bosnian Serb administration in times of war and peace, and having the authority to appoint, promote and discharge officers of the army.
Karadžić is accused of personal and command responsibility for numerous war crimes committed against non-Serbs, in his roles as Supreme Commander of the Bosnian Serb armed forces and President of the National Security Council of the Republika Srpska. Under his direction and command, Bosnian Serb forces initiated the Siege of Sarajevo and carried out numerous massacres across Bosnia. Tens of thousands of non-Serbs were killed, hundreds of thousands were driven from their homes and thousands more were imprisoned in concentration camps where many died. He is accused of ordering the Srebrenica massacre in 1995, directing Bosnian Serb forces to "create an unbearable situation of total insecurity with no hope of further survival of life" in the UN safe area. In addition, he is accused of ordering that United Nations personnel be taken hostage in May-June 1995.
He was jointly indicted by the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in 1995, along with General Ratko Mladić. The indictment charges Karadžić on the basis of his individual criminal responsibility (Article 7(1) of the Statute) and superior criminal responsibility (Article 7(3) of the Statute) with:
Authorities missed arresting Karadžić in 1995, when he was an invitee of the United Nations. During his visit to the United Nations in 1993, he was handed a service of process for a civil claim under the Alien Tort Act. The Courts ruled that Karadžić was properly served and the trial was allowed to proceed in United States District Court.[12]
His supporters say that he is no more guilty than any other war-time political leader. His ability to evade capture for over a decade made him a local hero among the Bosnian Serbs, despite an alleged deal with Richard Holbrooke[citation needed]. In 2001, hundreds of supporters demonstrated in support of Karadžić in his home town. In March 2003, his mother, Jovanka, publicly urged him not to surrender[citation needed].
In November 2004, British defence officials conceded that military action was unlikely to be successful in bringing Karadžić and other suspects to trial, and that putting political pressure on Balkan governments would be more likely to succeed[citation needed].
In 2005, Bosnian Serb leaders called on Karadžić to surrender, stating that Bosnia and Serbia could not move ahead economically or politically while he remained at large. After a failed raid earlier in May, on 7 July 2005 NATO troops arrested Karadžić's son, Aleksandar (Saša) Karadžić but released him after 10 days.[13] On 28 July, Karadžić's wife, Ljiljana Zelen Karadžić, made a call for him to surrender[14] after, in her words, "enormous pressure" had been put onto her.[15]
The BBC reported that Radovan Karadžić had been sighted in 2005 near Foča: "38 km (24 miles) down the road, on the edge of the Sutjeska national park, Radovan Karadžić has just got out of a red Mercedes" and asserted that "Western intelligence agencies knew roughly where they were, but that there was no political will in London or Washington to risk the lives of British, or US agents, in a bid to seize" him and Mladić.[16]
On 10 January 2008, the BBC reported that the passports of his closest relatives had been seized.[17] In 21 February 2008, at the time Kosovo declared independence, portraits of Radovan Karadžić were on display during Belgrade’s Kosovo is Serbia protest. [18]
Karadžić gave lectures in front of hundreds of people on alternative medicine. He even had his own Web site - "Psy Help Energy" and on a website, he offered his assistance in the treatment of sexual problems and disorders by using what he called HQE (Human Quantum Energy). He also used the site for the sale of metallic bullet-shaped amulets. He advertised himself as one of the most prominent experts in the field of alternative medicine, bioenergy, and macrobiotic diet. Karadžić had been masquerading as an expert in "human quantum energy" using the fake name "D.D. David" printed on his business card. The initials apparently stood for Dragan David Dabić, the name officials said he went by. [19][20][21]
The arrest of Radovan Karadžić took place on 21 July 2008[22] in Belgrade. The date of Radovan Karadžić's transfer into the ICTY custody will be determined in due course.[23]
Radovan Karadžić published poems. Several books were published while he was in hiding.
 | Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. |
ICTY Indictment
Poetry and alternative medicine
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卡拉迪契兼具詩人、精神科醫師、戰爭罪犯等身分，國際間稱他為「波士尼亞屠夫」、「歐洲的賓拉丹」，但塞爾維亞強硬派民族主義者卻視他為民族英雄。
大約80名武裝民兵誓死保護卡拉迪契。由於滴水不漏，卡拉迪契得以經常探視妻子，不必擔心落網。他甚至在逃亡期間投稿出書，公然駕駛軍用吉普車，與妻子一起散步，或在村莊紮營過夜。
卡 拉迪契1945年生於蒙特尼哥羅的沙夫尼克鎮，早年接受塞爾維亞民族主義觀念洗禮。1960年，卡拉迪契前往波士尼亞首都塞拉耶佛習醫，學成後擔任當地一 家醫院的精神科醫師，其間與妻子結識。1970年代初期，卡拉迪契開始寫詩，受到塞爾維亞民族主義作家柯塞契影響甚鉅。柯塞契鼓勵他從政，以實現大塞爾維 亞的夢想。
1985年，卡拉迪契因為貪墨、詐欺等罪名被判刑3年，短暫服刑後繼續擔任精神科醫師，並在波士尼亞戰爭爆發前夕踏入政壇。1990年，成立「塞爾維亞民主黨」，以壓制克羅埃西亞裔政黨。將近2年後，波士尼亞─赫塞哥維納成為獲得承認的獨立國家，卡拉迪契自稱「波士尼亞赫塞哥維納塞爾維亞共和國」領導人，定都塞拉耶佛的帕里區，埋下波士尼亞戰爭的禍因。
2008/07/23 04:09
〔編譯羅彥傑綜合二十二日外電報導〕犯下二次大戰後歐洲最嚴重種族滅絕罪行而遭通緝的波士尼亞塞爾維亞裔領袖卡拉迪奇，在逃亡近十三年後於塞爾維亞境內落網。消息傳開，曾被他無情包圍砲轟三年七個月的波國首都塞拉耶佛，立刻有數百民眾走上街頭慶祝。
塞爾維亞總統塔迪奇辦公室發表聲明說，六十三歲的卡拉迪奇行蹤曝光，而且被塞國安全部隊於二十一日晚間逮捕。卡拉迪奇被控在波國一九九二至一九九五年波士尼亞內戰期間，犯下戰罪、種族滅絕罪與違反人道罪。
卡拉迪奇與其手下姆拉迪奇都被控種族滅絕罪，包括在聯合國「安 全區」雪布尼查殘殺八千名手無寸鐵的波國穆斯林，而卡拉迪奇還被控在包圍塞拉耶佛期間授權槍殺平民。戰罪檢察官福克塞維奇說，當局無法洩漏二十一日逮捕行 動的相關細節，因為這麼做可能會破壞逮捕另外兩名在逃戰犯的行動，其中一名戰犯就是鼓吹「種族淨化」的前塞國政治人物哈迪奇。
卡拉迪奇沒有拒捕。他的律師告訴記者，他是在十八日晚間坐巴士往返貝爾格勒的兩個郊區時被捕，而且被留置三天，當局才公布此一消息。他落網後立刻被送往貝爾格勒的戰罪法庭，這被視為日後引渡及接受荷蘭海牙前南斯拉夫國際戰罪法庭審判的第一步。一旦排除所有司法障礙，他可能一週內就會被遞解至聯合國法庭。
被形容是「歐洲賓拉丹」、「波士尼亞屠夫」的卡拉迪奇，是南斯拉夫前總統米洛塞維奇的親密盟友。米洛塞維奇在海牙前南斯拉夫國際戰罪法庭宣布其判決結果前，就死在獄中。
卡拉迪奇的照片上一次公布時間是一九九○年代晚期。因此調查人員對他進行正式的身分鑑定程序，包括ＤＮＡ篩檢、然後漏夜偵訊。他的律師說，他外表沒變，仍留著一頭招牌蓬鬆灰髮，但身材變瘦。
卡拉迪奇的落網，是塞爾維亞邁向歐洲聯盟會員國的主要條件之一，而美國、歐盟與聯合國戰罪法庭都立刻對此表達歡迎。聯合國秘書長潘基文讚揚這是十三年來，苦等卡拉迪奇接受法律制裁的受害者「歷史性的一刻」。
塞 拉耶佛市區立刻有民眾走上街頭慶祝，還有汽車駕駛狂鳴喇叭，波國國營電台則播放卡拉迪奇在戰爭期間發表的仇恨演說。儘管如此，對波國若干塞裔民眾來說，他 仍是挺身對抗宿敵與強權的民族英雄，因此有約五十名極端民族主義人士二十二日一早在貝爾格勒戰罪法庭前，抗議當局逮捕他。
2008/07/23 12:09陳林幸虹
行政院主計處公布6月份的失業率，結果扣掉物價上漲幅度，實質薪資卻是減少2.2%，創下主計處從1980年調查執行以來最大減幅。金融研訓院院長許振明表示，如果情況再持續惡化下去，不僅所得稅徵收不公的爭議會擴大，民間消費需求也會陷於緊縮的情況。
實質薪資呈現負成長，主要是因為被急速攀高的物價給「吃掉」，但是如果和民國九○年代初期相比，當時房地產和股市都很熱絡，消費者物價指數(CPI)的年增率還高達4%以上，但民眾卻不覺得「痛苦」，反而覺得「很有錢」。
金融研訓院院長許振明分析，當時的情況，即使被稱為是「通膨」，但因為貨幣成長率高達兩位數，也就是民眾的實質薪資成長遠超過物價上漲的幅度。他說：『那一波不是通膨的關係，因為我們累積太多的外匯存底，那貨幣成長率太高了，曾經有達到過20%到30%兩位數字的貨幣成長率，我們現在的貨幣成長率，5%，甚至3%不到，怎會怕通貨膨脹和資產泡沬？』
許振明，他也擔憂，由於政府國庫的來源，主要稅收都是來自所得稅的徵收，如果實質薪資成長率仍持續惡化，恐會加深民眾對稅制不公的爭論，至於民間消費也會跟著緊縮。許振明認為，由於目前國際原物料價格還一時無法大幅下修，政府最好加緊擴大內需的腳步，提振國內景氣；至於央行也應該停止升息腳步，讓資金得以在市場活絡2008/07/23 18:19劉靜瑀
受到國際景氣趨緩影響，台灣外銷接單表現也受挫！經濟部公布今年6月台灣外銷接單金額為313.6億美元，以往都呈現兩位數增加的年增率，這次卻降為9.27%，創下自去年2月以來新低紀錄。
經濟部公布6月外銷接單金額為313.6億美元，年增率為9.27%，主要是因為消費性電子產品需求平穩，所幸化學品接單部分，因為原油價格屢創新高及預期心理作祟，成長率增加6成1。
經濟部統計長黃吉實指出，相較於以往外銷接單年增率動輒兩位數成長，這次不到10%的年增率，創下自去年2月以來的最低紀錄。國際經濟景氣趨緩，經濟部也預估，7月份接單成績可能還會持續下滑，希望自8月起接單表現能陸續回溫。
黃吉實：『(預期)今年第三季製造業成長應該還是趨於緩和，去年成長比較快速一年，外銷訂單我們預計下個月成長率沒辦法像以前有二位數快速成長，7月整個外銷訂單，可能還是呈現個位數成長』
至 於在工業生產指數部分，年增率為5.12%，製造業增幅5.9%，雙雙創下去年5月來新低，經濟部解釋，主要是因為去年基期較高所導致。建築工程業比去年 同月負成長11.57％，其中工業倉儲類申請核發使用執照面積比去年同月減少47.1％，連商業、住宅宿舍安養類也都分別減少36.36％和7.25％， 不難看出房市和工廠景氣似乎出現下滑趨勢。
2008/07/23 04:33黃天如台北報導
醫學系向來是頂尖高中畢業生的最愛。但台大醫院教學部主任張上淳表示，台大醫學院向來只收學測滿級分的考生，過去每年學測滿級分者也都只有零星個位數未以台大醫學院為第一志願；但今年滿級分八十多人中，竟有半數未填台大醫學院為第一志願，算是史上頭一遭。
但張上淳強調，站在醫學教育的立場，他認為這是一個好現象；一個社會中最優秀的人才，原本就該適才適性分布在各行各業，不該全都集中在醫界。
適才適性 台大：是一好現象
過去許多學生進醫學院的原因只是因為「功課好」，事前並沒有認真思考自己究竟喜不喜歡、適不適合這一行，這也並非醫界之福。
張上淳說，正因大家一窩蜂搶當醫師，近廿年來，國內執業醫師從一萬多人暴增為三萬多人，目前許多醫院，尤其是整形外科等熱門科別，連要擠出一個主治醫師缺都很困難，以致許多住院醫師明明很優秀，就是升不上主治醫師。
他說，就算好不容易當上主治醫師，因為醫院與醫院間競爭激烈，一些私立醫院也會刻意設置「業績門檻」作為醫師敘薪的依據。影響所及，不比公立醫院薪資標準有一定的保障，現在有些醫院的主治醫師月薪甚至不到十萬元。
醫師暴增 有人月薪不到十萬
此外，受大環境影響，醫師的社會地位不比從前，醫病關係緊張、醫療糾紛變多是不爭的事實，醫師真的愈來愈難當。
張上淳強調，說這些不是要勸大家都不要當醫師，而是希望年輕人不要對醫師這個行業抱持太多不切實際的幻想。反過來說，既然決定要當醫師，就要立定志向當個好醫師，才不辜負國家社會的栽培，也才對得起自己。
2008/07/22 04:09
●以有趣新聞為幌，信件內容附上超連結，誘使收件者點閱，一旦連上超連結指引的網址，就有可能被植入木馬程式。
●在「寄件者」部分可能冒用收件者朋友名義，或使用字元變型混淆，如gov改g0v、com改c0m、mjib改成mjlb、npa改nqa等。
●發送聳動標題與附件，附件的檔案類型可能為簡報軟體powerpoint的.ppt、excel的.xls等，一旦開啟，裡面夾帶的惡意程式就會潛入電腦系統。
●含有巨集的doc檔案（word編輯軟體檔案）也可能含有惡意程式，開啟其中的巨集就有可能中毒。
資料來源：基隆市警局 整理：記者楊培華
2008/07/21 14:01記者李爕陽編譯
在通用汽車宣佈大幅裁員、關閉生產線之後，美國咖啡連鎖龍頭Starbuck星巴克在上周相繼宣佈關閉全美600家連鎖店，消息出來後股價直直落，震驚華爾街股市。
星巴克在那斯達克上市的(NasdaqGS: SBUX)在消息曝光後，股價直直落，下跌0.05美元、跌幅 (0.35%)。
這是繼全球最大汽車生產王國GM通用汽車在宣佈大幅企業瘦身，裁減員工後，最令人錯愕的消息。
星巴克表示，將目前營運重點放在國際市場、主打亞洲，美國國內則裁掉600家連鎖店。
截至七月底前，共計50家Starbucks連鎖店要關閉，分別是 阿拉巴馬州、明尼蘇達州、加州。
之後，星巴克將持續關閉全美各州的連鎖店，直到明年會計年度的上半年截止，共計關閉600家Starbucks咖啡店。
